.NET Runtime Optimization Service
Finally found the time to deal with the system freezing, and I got around to the second Neverwinter too, and you can't play it without the .NET Framework. Decided to go the simple route — look at which processes show up in Task Manager after installing the Framework. The only new one in the list turned out to be mscorsvw.exe. A quick search engine query told me what kind of beast it was. Turns out it's a system optimizer that launches on the first boot after installation and runs the optimization, loading the CPU to 100%. It looks like the processor can't handle the load and freezes — because of interference from Kaspersky Anti-Virus 6 (or one of the other very demanding programs) and heavy dust buildup (tomorrow I'll definitely be cleaning out the case) — even though the optimization only runs once. For now I've disabled the .NET Runtime Optimization Service; after cleaning the cooler on the proc I'll try turning it back on.